IthaMaps

Welcome to IthaMaps

IthaMaps is a global epidemiology database of heamoglobinopathies, illustrating published data on a dynamic global to regional map. Country-specific information on haemoglobinopathy-related policies, prevalence, incidence and overall disease burden is given, including relative allele frequencies of specific globin mutations in each country and/or region, dynamically linked to corresponding IthaGenes entries.

IthaMaps content was supported by partnership with the HVP Global Globin 2020 Challenge

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Prevalence of Hb E carriers by country

Country	Continent	Value (% of the population)	Comments	PMID
Country	Continent	Value (% of the population)	Comments	PMID
United Arab Emirates	Asia	0.01	Abu Dhabi emirate	[16602448]
Anguilla	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Argentina	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Austria	Europe	0		[17365984]
Australia	Oceania	0.4		[27040959]
Aruba	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Barbados	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Bangladesh	Asia	6.1	In tribal population at hill tract area at Chittagong & Bandarban District is about 41.7%.	[27040959]
Belgium	Europe	0.02		[17365984]
Bermuda	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Brunei	Asia	1
Bolivia	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Brazil	South America	0.001	Newborn Hemoglobinopathy Screening Program in the State of Rio de Janeiro.	[24038856]
Bahamas	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Bhutan	Asia	4		[24672827]
Belize	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Canada	North America	0.25	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Switzerland	Europe	0.07		[17365984]
Chile	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
China	Asia	0.42	Extends between 0.06-1.6% depending on region.	[24672827]
Colombia	South America	0.019	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Costa Rica	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Cuba	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Christmas Island	Asia	0.3		[15658194]
Germany	Europe	0.02		[17365984]
Denmark	Europe	0.00565		[32547240]
Dominica	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Dominican Republic	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Ecuador	South America	4.4	Among afro-descendant populations.	[23557107]
Spain	Europe	0.002		[17365984]
Finland	Europe	0.02		[17365984]
Falkland Islands	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
France	Europe	0.15		[17365984]
Grenada	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
French Guiana	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Greenland	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Guadeloupe	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Greece	Europe	0.004		[17365984]
Guatemala	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Guyana	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Hong Kong	Asia	1.5	Ranges between 1-2%. From: Thalassaemia Reports 2012, TIF Pan-Asian Conference.
Honduras	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Haiti	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Indonesia	Asia	6	Extends between 1-33%. From: WHO South-East Asia 2021 report, ISBN: 978-92-9022-851-6
Ireland	Europe	0.01		[17365984]
India	Asia	1		[27040959]
Italy	Europe	0.2
Jamaica	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Cambodia	Asia	30		[27040959]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Kuwait	Asia	0.1		[12116694]
Cayman Islands	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Laos	Asia	18	HbE prevalence up to 30% has been reported.	[27040959]
Saint Lucia	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Sri Lanka	Asia	2.5		[27040959]
Luxembourg	Europe	0		[17365984]
Myanmar [Burma]	Asia	25		[27040959]
Martinique	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Montserrat	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Mauritius	Africa	0.71		[7717387]
Maldives	Asia	0.9		[27040959]
Mexico	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Malaysia	Asia	3.4	3-40% depending on the region	[23296641]
Mozambique	Africa	0.288		[28241813]
Nicaragua	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Netherlands	Europe	0.07		[17365984]
Norway	Europe	0.08		[17365984]
Nepal	Asia	4.4		[24672827]
Panama	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Peru	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Philippines	Asia	0.4		[27040959]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Puerto Rico	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Portugal	Europe	0.002		[17365984]
Paraguay	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Sweden	Europe	0.07		[17365984]
Singapore	Asia	0.64		[27040959]
Suriname	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
El Salvador	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Turks and Caicos Islands	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Thailand	Asia	33	Ranges between 10% and 53%.	[27040959]
East Timor	Oceania	6		[24672827]
Turkey	Asia	0.002		[17365984]
Trinidad and Tobago	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Taiwan	Asia	0.027		[24672827]
United States	North America	0.088		[22307997]
Uruguay	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Venezuela	South America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
British Virgin Islands	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
U.S. Virgin Islands	North America	0	From: Modell's Haemoglobinopathologist's Almanac.
Vietnam	Asia	1	1.24% in Kinh, 11.7% in Muong, 1% in Tay ethnic groups. From: 11th Asia Pacific Conference on Human Genetics.	[27040959]

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Important Note: The relative allele frequencies presented in IthaMaps are not calculated by ITHANET, but they are extracted from the corresponding publications. ITHANET is not responsible for any mistakes in the data. Please use this information with caution! We encourage scientists that have more detailed or updated epidemiological information to contact us.

Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided as an information resource only and must not to be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. The ITHANET Portal and IthaMaps are not responsible or liable for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or products that an individual obtains through this website.

Note: The information you provide for the specific country will appear on the IthaMaps website and your contribution will be acknowledged.

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Healthcare Policies

Health-policy	Select one Answer	Comment
Prevention programme
SCD newborn screening
Prenatal screening
Antenatal screening
Haemoglobinopathies patient registry
Rare disease patient registry
Dedicated treatment centres
Blood transfusion availability
Iron chelation availability
MRI facilities
Patient associations
Genetic counselling

Status of major Haemoglobinopathies

In Expected Incidence of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease please provide the number of expected affected births/year (without prevention).
In Incidence of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease please provide the number of affected births/year (after prevention).

Haemoglobinopathy	Provide value		Comment
Prevalence of β-thalassaemia carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of sickle cell disease carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of α-thalassaemia carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of Hb E carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of Hb C carriers		% of the population
Expected incidence of β-thalassaemia		expected affected births/year
Expected incidence of sickle cell disease		expected affected births/year
Expected incidence of α-thalassaemia		expected affected births/year
Incidence of β-thalassaemia		affected births/year
Incidence of sickle cell disease		affected births/year
Incidence of α-thalassaemia		affected births/year
Known β-thalassaemia patients		patients
Known sickle cell disease patients		patients

Mutation Frequencies

Please provide details about publications reporting mutation frequencies in the country of reference (either country-wide studies or region-specific studies).

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Prevalence of Hb E carriers by country

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